Virgin Group – Richard Branson

RICHARD BRANSON’S VIRGIN GROUP —Problems— Although certainly notorious, Richard Branson’s Virgin Group has experienced several problems. In the short-term, brand overextension has become a threat since the company has entered multiple markets. Brand overextension leads to damaging the comprehensive Virgin brand. Since the Virgin brand itself is the company’s greatest asset, protecting the brand image is critical. The Virgin brand image has a connotation of value and lifestyle. Due to many joint ventures, licenses, and alliances with other companies, the objective of the â€Å"Virgin experience† could be destroyed.Furthermore, as Virgin becomes more global and more adaptive to individual cultures, the customer experience will certainly vary, again leading to brand overextension. For example, although the United Kingdom may condone Virgin’s racy and edgy advertisements, other parts of the world, as our group testifies, views such materia l quite explicit and even shocking. Thus, while Virgin enters different markets, negative impacts can arise, hindering Virgin’s brand. A second short-term problem is Virgin’s financial information that is fragmented, hard to locate, and even interpret.With the company’s different alliances and joint ventures, questions about the financial health of the Virgin group were being asked. Thus after examination, Virgin faced financial challenges that led to negative cash flow. This was mainly due to the Branson’s approach of stand-alone basis where the most profitable company’s revenues financed new market entrances. Despite some profitable areas of Virgin, many did not generate cash. Therefore, as Virgin grows, a more systematic approach must be implemented to create synergies between businesses. Long-term problems also exist for Virgin.First is Branson’s close affiliation to Virgin. What happens if the public tire of his exploits? What will happ en to Virgin when Branson 1 leaves? An implication of these questions is that Virgin needs Branson. Virgin’s strong brand is fortified by Branson’s own personal values. A second long-term problem for Virgin is the company’s little formal structure and management system. Although this structure presently works for Virgin, allowing the company to be viewed as entrepreneurial and innovative, in the long-term creativity must be managed at Virgin. Company Analysis— After analyzing Virgin through various analytical frameworks including internal/external analysis, SWOT analysis, and value chain analysis, we have discovered the importance of Virgin’s strong brand and diversification strategy. In sum, Virgin’s strongest capability is the company’s strong brand. The brand’s foundations of entrepreneurship and eccentricity result in Virgin being a strong customer-oriented company. Since the Virgin brand is so strong, the company has been able to diversify into many new markets.Diversification for Virgin is made possible by joint ventures and strategic alliances that are ultimately less risky. Thus the Virgin brand leverages Virgin’s resources. Furthermore, Branson’s values are revealed in the Virgin company. The brand image, which is the motor of the company, results in innovative start-ups that keep Virgin both successful and sustainable. —Alternatives— To continue Virgin’s success, we have identified several alternatives. First, Virgin could go public; thereby gaining additional capital that could be used to fund new start-ups.The disadvantage with this alternative is that Virgin would be forced to abide by formal accounting rules, which Branson states he does not favor. Furthermore, Virgin’s brand could become diluted since the image would move towards a more traditional stance. 2 A second alternative is that Virgin’s management could designate Branson’ s su ccessor and prepare that person to take on the task of CEO. The advantage of this alternative is that the fate of Virgin is not attached to Branson alone. This could help separate Branson from the Virgin brand that allows Virgin to flourish as a company, and not merely an extension of Branson himself.Additionally, new leadership could prove beneficial for Virgin’s long-term success, and namely deciding Virgin’s structure. However, Branson’s absence could also weaken the brand in the short-term. Since the public easily identifies with Branson’s traits as loyal and fair, customers could perceive Virgin negatively. To thwart such initial negativity, Virgin could slowly implement the new successor, allowing him or her to also revel in the spotlight alongside Branson. Thirdly, Virgin could dispose of unprofitable companies.This consolidation would result in money saved and the creation of a more formal organizational structure. Therefore, across the board, Vir gin would be able to have a more uniform decision processes. Consolidation would also reassure investors since the corporate structure would be less complex and financial data more readily available. The motives for diversification are growth, risk reduction, and profitability. If Virgin cannot achieve those goals through the diversification strategy, then there are no reasons why Virgin should keep unprofitable companies.Focusing on related industries would then give Virgin expertise; and thereby creating both value for shareholders and exploiting economies of scale. Furthermore, Virgin could allocate resources among the firms more efficiently, giving Virgin better future strategy formulations. 3 —Recommendations— One must analyze Porter’s essential tests that that include the attractiveness test, cost-ofentry test, and the better-off test, to determine whether a diversified strategy has a sustainable competitive advantage.Because Virgin’s strong brand i s firmly embedded in the company’s corporate structure, the attractiveness test reveals that many—though not all (example is the unprofitable Virgin Money)— of Virgin’s diversified companies are attractive. Secondly, costof-entry must be considered. For Virgin, many entry costs are feasible, because profitable Virgin companies support the new start-ups. And thirdly, the better-off test shows that new companies within Virgin must be profitable and add value.Although many new companies do not add financial benefits, the new companies do add brand value. Thus the answer to the question whether Virgin is a successful diversified company is clearly yes. Overall the diversification works quite well. However, we do recommend that Virgin exit the unprofitable industries and consolidate. This would be beneficial in the short-term as capital immediately becomes available. Furthermore, this would also help Virgin in the long-term as only profitable companies remain, allowing Virgin to increase revenue.In looking at Virgin’s long-term success, we recommend that Virgin continue its short-term strategy of further developing expertise in key areas. Thus, long-term market saturation would be avoided, while also maintaining Virgin’s strong brand awareness. Despite Branson’s strong presence, we also suggest that Virgin slowly implement a successor. Virgin’s brand is about personality—indeed the company needs a strong focal point. As humans are not immortal, the slow implementation of a new personality could also capture the public’s attention. 4 5

What is Scientific Inquiry

Science comes from the Latin word â€Å"scientia† which means knowledge. Obtaining that knowledge starts from asking questions. Once the question is asked, what follows is a series of processes known as the â€Å"Scientific Inquiry. † One can therefore say that scientific inquiry is a way in which discoveries are shared. Since scientific inquiry is a process, the steps to be undergone must be definite or follow a set rules. The data obtained for example must be empirical, observable and measurable. One reason is that any discovery made through scientific inquiry must be verifiable and repeatable. That is, it can be done by other people and reach the same conclusion. The steps to be followed in making a scientific inquiry is that after the question has been asked, the next step is to formulate a hypothesis. A hypothesis is a suggested answer to the question asked. In order to check if the hypothesis made is true, an experiment is then done. The results of the experiment can either support the hypothesis or not. Whatever the result is, a conclusion is then made. Scientific inquiry therefore can be simplified into four steps. First step is to ask a question on a particular phenomenon. If the problem seems to be a new one, then move to the next step. The second step involves making an explanation. The third step is to make a prediction based on the explanation made. That is, if the explanation is true, what happens after? What consequences will arise? The fourth and final step is to do a test. The tests usually done is to disprove the explanation made in the second step. If one is unable to do so, then the explanation is said to be proven as true. The model discussed above though is not the only one that can be done. That is, the process that involves hypothesis then experiment then results. In zoology for example, observation instead of experimentation is used. In physics, since some experiments can be done physically, scientists instead do what is called as â€Å"thought experiments† if they want to find out if their hypothesis is true. While different fields follow different steps, scientific inquiry has certain features that distinguishes it from other methods. As already mentioned earlier, the result must not only be objective but the results must be repeatable. Meaning other people can do the same processes and come up with the same conclusion or results. Remember that the first step in science inquiry is about asking a question. Students, elementary in particular, can learn not only how to ask questions but also use facts and evidence in answering them. As the student undergoes the process of scientific inquiry, he or she will learn how to how to conduct experiments or do investigations. The students also learns how to get results or facts from a wide number of sources in order to get their answers. Again, since it is a process, scientific inquiry is therefore not limited to science subjects alone. It can be used on an assortment of topics like history, physical education and even mathematics. Let us say for example than an elementary teacher wants to introduce the class to the concept of Subtraction. By the method of counting, the teacher can ask the students how many ducks, for example, are left when one of the ten ducks is a pond swims away. Continuously doing these, like what if two swim away, the students will be able to get the idea of subtraction. The teacher should be able to activate the interrogating skills of children and then aid them in the process by giving them data to observe and understand. This way, both the learning and thinking processes of the child are facilitated. Another thing to remember in conducting scientific inquiry is that if one does not want to be involved in a though experiment, then the teacher should ensure that the students can avail of the instruments that are needed. The instruments need not be laboratory instruments but also things that can be found even in nature or in the surroundings. Suppose the teacher wants the class to know what factors are needed in order to determine the visibility of, say, a rainbow. The hypothesis would be that since the light coming from the sun can travel through rain drops, the rain drops disperses the sun's light into colors which can then be seen by the eyes. With this in mind, the proposed experiment would be that if a student faces a rising sun from the east on an early rainy morning, then the student will be able to see a rainbow. We expect then that the result of the experiment would that the student will be able to see a rainbow if he faces east on a rainy morning. Now suppose that when the student did so, he or she did not see a rainbow. But when the student looked the other way or west, a rainbow was observed. Under the process of scientific inquiry, one can then conclude that in order to view a rainbow, one must not be facing the sun. The visibility of a rainbow thus have other factors aside from the light of the sun being dispersed by the rain drop. What those factors are, the teacher can then again have the students conduct another scientific inquiry. The concept of scientific inquiry is thus very important in a classroom setting. Conducting scientific inquiry in class means that the students will be able to practice high order thinking skills while learning science using a hands-on approach. By teaching this concept at an early age, the skills they develop as a result will prove beneficial in the future. Among others, the process encourages children to think using their problem solving skills, to be resourceful in gathering, analyzing and interpreting information provided in their environment, to be able to make predictions that could aid them in decision-making, and most importantly, to find ways to survive in a constantly evolving world.

A Study On Child Abuse English Language Essay

A Study On Child Abuse English Language Essay The issue of child abuse is an increasing concern worldwide. Whether the country is developed or poor, child abuse still exists in every region in some form. The common forms of child abuse include physical, emotional, and sexual abuse. The definition of child abuse, according to Professor Vincent Iannelli, is â€Å"harm to, or neglect of, a child by another person, whether adult or child† (Iannelli 1). Even though this common definition is applicable in most cases of child abuse all over the world, there are some forms of child abuse that exist in a specific region which are different from those found in another area. Sexual and physical child abuse both exist in countries like Pakistan and America, however the type of emotional abuse seen in Pakistan is very different from the type seen in America. While factors such as tumultuous economic and political conditions, child labor, and kidnapping scar Pakistani children emotionally, beatings, rape, molestation, and neglect due to recurrent stress are the common forms of abuse in America. Child abuse in Pakistan over the years has grown because it reflects upon the weak economic and political state of the country. Poverty and austere living conditions are some of the factors that account for this existence of child abuse. The fact that poverty encompasses nearly 60 percent of the nation leads to events which result in abuses. Most of Pakistan’s population lives in squalid slums where the children are forced to help in the survival of their families (Galpin, 1). However, dire measures are taken for this survival. Typically one sees children on the streets begging with arms mutilated and scars across their face. The common theory goes that these children have had a harsh life; rather its just that these children have been purposely abused to gain them pity so that they can be given money. This desperate need for survival also leads to child labor. The problem with this is that this means a child will have to work in various environments, which are usually dilapidated. Thus the child is exposed to numerous threats and he/ she becomes a victim of abuse. In America, however, this type of abusive mentality does not commonly exist. The abuse existing in America is mostly due to stressful lives or frustration. â€Å"Almost half of Americans say that they are increasingly stressed about their ability to provide for their family’s basic needs† (â€Å"APA† 2). Unlike Pakistan, the solution to this type of financial stress, however, is not child labor. Child abuse is a major concern these days and a lot is being done in America to prevent this. In Pakistan, however, a poor political administration causes child abuse to be more likely. Statistically, there are more reported cases of child abuse in the Unites states than Pakistan. In the year 2007, 3.2 million child abuse cases were reported in America (â€Å"Childhelp† 1). In Pakistan, there were nearly 1,600 r eported cases of child abuse in the year 2007 (Khan, 1). However, the difference in the size and population of the United States and Pakistan, along with the fact that nearly 80% of child abuse cases in Pakistan are unreported, shows that a statistical comparison of the two countries cannot be accurate (Khan, 1). Pakistan’s statistics show that there is a lack of consideration being given to child abuse by the political administration in Pakistan. Laws against child abuse, in fact, exist, but there is not a strong, central government to enforce these laws. Thus, the perpetrators of these crimes are encouraged. In comparison, there are strict laws in America that are enforced strongly to prevent child abuse.

Click on the link to read the information Assignment

Click on the link to read the information - Assignment Example Harmful algal blooms are uncontrolled breeding of algae in the aquatic environment. Some produce harmful chemicals in lakes or oceans, but even non-toxic blooms are also harmful to the environment. Harmful algal bloom produces dangerous chemicals that can contaminate marine life. Harmful algal bloom results in massive death of aquatic life. Human illnesses caused by harmful algae are because of consumption of seafood contaminated with toxins from algae. These diseases are paralytic shellfish poisoning, diarrhetic shellfish poisoning, neurotoxic shellfish poisoning, and ciguatera poisoning. Mote marine laboratory and South Florida University use robots immersed under water in the study of red tides. Red tide is a name of an algal bloom induced by species of algae well known as dinoflagellates. This type of algal bloom exhibits red colour. Local authority for instance at Tampa Bay, are trying to control it by frequently monitoring the bloom and harvest water for laboratory analysis. ht tp://mote.org/news/florida-red-tide / Web.29 Jan. 2015 Water fluoridation poses several health risks to human beings, mainly children. The right measured quantity, which has the adverse consequence on the community, is not easily determined. High amount of fluoride in water is mainly likely to result in dental fluorosis. The rate of exposure causes severity of the ailment. Fluoridation is also efficient and cheap way of improving dental health in a society. Several studies indicate children who have ingested fluoridated water to optimal levels suffer less tooth decay. Fluoridation of water also prevents tooth among seniors in communities. Based on the reasons above I would not support fluoridation of water. Creation of pathogenic or fatherless embryo may result in the formation of animal-human hybrids caused by fusion of animals and human cells. It also does not require sperm to produce a new living being. Due to these reasons, religions

Generalizability of research findings Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Generalizability of research findings - Essay Example The dependability of the generalizing aspect is not absolute, statistically it is probable. Since  generalizability needs data on large populations, qualitative research results to the best foundation of generalizability (Ercikan & Roth, 2009). The criteria for evaluating generalizability of qualitative research include various steps. First an ethical research needs to be carried out, and the importance of the research well defined. There should also be coherence and clarity of the report. The methods used in the research should be rigorous and appropriate. It is important to consider the reflexivity and also establish the validity of the research. Lastly, the researcher needs to understand the reliability of the data (Patton, 2004). In conclusion, Qualitative research cannot get described as a unified field. The reviewers are not experts in qualitative research. They also fail to appreciate the set criteria relative to the qualitative approach that has been reported. It is significant that researchers get aware of the tendency and also educate health care researchers about the suitable criteria in evaluating qualitative

GMO the Necessary Evil Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

GMO the Necessary Evil - Essay Example The discussion of whether Genetically Modified Organisms are good or bad for consumption can go on without a conclusion. My goal in this paper is to bring out both the negative and positive effects genetically modified organisms have and to show how essential they are. To achieve this goal, we shall start by looking at the negative or the health risks associated with genetically modified organisms citing evidence from different authors, and then I will discuss the reason why genetically modified foods were introduced and why I think they are a necessary evil. Now that we have introduced GMOs, let us look at the health risks associated with this kind of food. Although Genetically Modified Organisms were introduced in 1996, their side effects on human health have already been noticed; there have been increased reports of allergic reaction, toxic hazards (Wald and Michael 46). These side effects may be seen as minimal, the most worrying are the long term effects which may be more drastic. Children with life threatening allergies are associated with GMOs increased intake. There have been 37 reported deaths of people associated with the side effects of GMOs (Smith 258). Moreover GMOs have been associated with birth defects, stillbirth, infertility, cancers and miscarriages (Bodiguel 45). Researchers claim that glyphosphate found in GMO are the cause of malformation chicken embryos and these effects were evident to human birth defects in areas associated with genetically modified soy production. To be precise the researchers found malformation of the head were the new borne had a single eye (Wald and Michael 44). With long term exposure to genetically modified organisms the data  relating to the diverse effects will only increase as we continue to feed on GMOs without giving thought the negative effects they can have on our health and reproduction of future

The Community and Fire Threat Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Community and Fire Threat - Assignment Example The results of the article have been achieved through data gathering from pre-existing sources such as the Web-based Inquiry Statistics Query and Reporting System (WISQARS). In the model used for the analysis of the data negative binomial rate regression had been used. To be able to observe the interactions of the different parameters that are measured, control of the socioeconomic factors had been undertaken (Diekman, Ballestero, Berger, Caraballo and Kegler, 2008, p. 1-4). As a result, there is a positive interaction observed. Smoking which is one of the common causes in residential fire, thus, the parameter under study can be closely related to the fire prevention efforts in the community. Although this is the case, it is important to consider that the issue under study is only one of the causes of fire occurrence. The ecological study is undertaken due to the fact that there is a complex interaction of multiple factors specifically involving man and the environment. The impact of smoking is studied to specifically target the residential area. Smoking is one of the primary causes of fire while residential areas are in need of strict study and implementation of the concepts for fire prevention (Diekman, Ballestero, Berger, Caraballo and Kegler, 2008, p. 1-4). Due to the recognized importance of the different parameters studies, the established objective in the article under study is the measurement of the relationship of the state-level residential fire morality and the percentage of adults who smoke. The study presented a relationship between smoking and residential fire mortality while controlling certain parameters, thus, one of the most important contribution of the study then is to focus on the actions to lessen smoking to be able to achieve the prevention of fire occurrences. Another contribution is the presentation of an individual-level perspective to the problems related to residential fire in addition

What role do vulnerability and resilience play in the emergence of Essay

What role do vulnerability and resilience play in the emergence of atypical child development - Essay Example Genetic and environmental factors interact with varying degrees of plasticity to effect developmental change. To very briefly outline the stages, or milestones of a child’s growth from birth onwards, research has identified, physical, motor, cognitive. socio-emotional, language acquisition variables, and their mechanisms, along with speed and pattern of development in terms of both population and individual differences. In spite of minor variations due to cultural and environmental factors, there is wide agreement as to what could be seen as ‘gifted’ or super-normal development and, at the other end, sub-normal or less than optimal development and functioning of children. Such differences are likely to persist into adulthood. However, the term atypical development is used more in the context of sub-normal rather than super-normal populations. More recent research into the lower end of the scale in child development, which is a minority, and considered atypical under normal conditions, has concentrated on what have been identified as vulnerability and resilience factors. The motivation has been to identify, intervene, and actively improve the chances of accomplishment of a satisfactory life trajectory for those children identified as being in danger of failing to reach societal norms of everyday life. To emphasise the global spread of child development research and application, studies from the USA, Australia and South Africa within the last decade are cited in this essay; (Masten & Gewirtz (2006), Mutimer, Reece, and Matthews (2007), Theron (2006). Vulnerability in children is described as risk factors, both individual and environmental hazards, which tend to result in negative developmental outcomes. Among individual characteristics are, intrauterine growth retardation, low birth weight, in-utero experience of maternal drug use, physical disability, and a variety of genetic defects. Among the immediate environmental hazards are family

Management accounting is a new branch of accounting that promotes the Essay

Management accounting is a new branch of accounting that promotes the overall managerial performance of an organisation - Essay Example As scholars indicate, an organisation’s management accounting discipline can have a great influence on its other functions. Mainly, management accounting discipline defines an organisation’s managerial ethics. Hence, the concept of management accounting discipline greatly relates to the firm’s corporate governance policies. This paper will particularly discuss the evolution of management accounting discipline and its relationship with other functions in organisations. The paper will give specific focus to the ethical aspects in management accounting, performance management, balanced scorecard, activity based costing and sustainability reporting. Evolution of management accounting discipline The history of management accounting can be dated back to 19th century when the process of industrial revolution compelled firms to maintain better managerial control over their business activities. During that time, most of the firms were run by a single owner or manager usin g their personal assets. As there had been no external stockholders or unsecured debt, organisations never used to prepare elaborated financial reports. Therefore, the concept of management accounting was widely known by its cost accounting functions in olden days. The idea of management accounting has undergone tremendous changes over the last century. As per the Malaysian Institute of Accountants’ (2005) study, the development of this concept can be explained using four recognisable time phases2. Phase 1 - Before 1950, the major function of the management accounting was to determine the costs and to control financial operations using financial tools such as budgeting and cost accounting. Phase 2 - By 1965, the scope of management accounting expanded and hence its focus has been shifted to provision of information for managerial activities such as planning and control. For this purpose, business managers used tools such as decision analysis and responsibility accounting. Pha se 3 – By 1985, management accountants extensively used techniques like process analysis and cost management in order to reduce the wastage of resources in business processes and thereby improve profitability. Phase 4 – By 1995, the management accounting branch focused more on value creation through effective use of resources. For this purpose, management accountants sought help of technologies that can identify the contributing factors to shareholder value, customer value, and organisational innovation3. The emergence of the concept strategic management accounting in late 1980s notably changed the overall outlook of the management accounting4. By the end of the 20th century, increased pressures from capital markets, creditors, and governmental regulatory bodies forced organisations to pay specific attention to managerial control. In addition, increasing business needs persuaded business houses to raise additional funds from different capital suppliers5. In order to ma nage fund raising activities and to identify future fund needs, business managers had to obtain audited financial statements. Likewise, firms had to communicate its financial

Health Administarion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Health Administarion - Essay Example The lowest level of the hierarchy, physiological needs, should be the first to be met by an individual. An organization should ensure that employees have access to adequate shelter, food, and clothing. When the physiological needs have been adequately satisfied, safety of individuals will be the next on the priorities. In the case where an individual is residing within the organization’s premises, the management should ensure that they are secure, both financial and physically. Financial security will imply management undertaking strategic measures to ensure they invest in activities that will secure their future financial obligations (Miller and McBrewster 86). The need for belonging is an interpersonal need. Individuals need to be loved and have a cordial relationship with their families and friends. The organization should provide their employees time to intermingle with their family members. Human beings need to feel a sense of acceptance and belonging in the society. The fourth need is self esteem. Individuals need to have s stable self-esteem and self-respect in the society. As such, the management should issue measures that will necessitate competency, mastery, freedom and independence, and self-confidence. Instigating these measures to its employees, the management will ensure that self-esteem needs are realized. Finally, the topmost level in the hierarchy is self-actualization. Individuals strive to achieve these needs. This level will be achieved when the other needs such as physiological, safety, belonging, and self esteem are

Oral Reading Essay Example for Free

Oral Reading Essay Reading is a complex activity. It sends our brains into a frenzy of electrical impulses that zig and zag through matter in ways we still do not totally understand. It organizes sights and sounds in designs that ultimately connect us to the broad vistas of lifes many landscapes. Reading gives us the opportunity to appreciate those landscapes in all their variety. It is remarkable that, whatever approach, method, or ideology is used to teach reading, most students become proficient at it. For many students, successful reading is assimilated into their experience quickly and with seeming smoothness. For perhaps as many as 20% of students however, reading is not an automatic skill. Patterns of understanding have to be systematically instilled so that the reading has the opportunity to crack the alphabetic code. More and more, what we have learned is that connecting these alphabetic symbols to specific sounds in order to create meaningful words. There is considerable longitudinal research to support that we should employ literacy skills every time we read. Without this connection between the basic unit of sound and the alphabetic symbol, reading does not occur for any of us. Accurate identification of children who experience delays in attaining critical early literacy skills is needed to prevent reading problems. Studies have demonstrated that reading problems become increasingly more resistant to intervention and treatment after the 3rd grade. This study will focus on early core literacy skills. These needed core skills for young children are phonological awareness (ability to identify and manipulate sounds), alphabet knowledge (awareness of individual letters and letter names), and grapheme–phoneme correspondence (ability to identify correspondence between letters and sounds). Children’s abilities across these four core skills serve as important predictors of subsequent reading achievement. A screening instrument that does not comprehensively examine all core skills may be ineffective for identifying children who display limitations in a particular area of early literacy. However, failing to identify young children exhibiting delays in early literacy acquisition or lacking core literacy skills is a risky venture and this is a challenge that we will face in this study. Historical Background Name: Alyza Zofia Z. RenonAge: 5 Sex: FemaleDate of birth: March 10, 2006 Identification: Alyza is a normal, outgoing 5 year-old kindergarten girl. Since her mother is a pre-elementary teacher, she teaches her everything when they are at home. She enjoys dancing and playing games. She loves to listen about science-related topics whenever possible. She is talkative and loves to answer questions. She can only read alphabet and one or two syllable words with pictures. Affective Factors Alyzass motivational level apparently varies with the topic. According to her mother, if the topic is interesting to her like books with colorful pictures, she is highly motivated. However, if the topic does not appeal to her, she keeps silent or finds something to play with. Physical Factors Alyza has a very good eyesight, in terms of auditory acuity, Alyza showed no indications of difficulties. Alyza didnt show any other physical limitation; she appears to be physically healthy. This means, there are no obvious health-related reasons for her reading difficulties. Objectives: This research will aim to determine or identify student who is at risk or not at risk for reading problems. This study will also seek to answer the following questions: 1. How do the 3 literacy skills affect the reading of the child? 2. How does the students background affect her reading ability? 3. What are the strengths and weaknesses of the child in reading? Significance of the study The researchers hope that the study will be beneficial to the following: To the student, who will learn and improve her reading skills. Likewise, to the teachers of kindergarten, for they will focus more on the three literacy skills. Furthermore, to the researchers, to understand the factors that affect the poor reading ability of the child. Lastly, to the school administration, this study will provide basis to improve their curriculum and to focus more on literacy skills in pre-elementary department. Scope and Delimitation of the study This study will be conducted to determine the literacy skills of a kindergarten child. It will deal on how the child identify and manipulate sounds, her awareness of letter names and ability to identify correspondence between letters and sounds. It will discuss the certain measures, steps and ways on how to develop the literacy skills of the child in reading but it does not deal on the ways on how to pronounce the words correctly nor steps on how to syllabicate the words properly. The respondent of the study will be limited to kindergarten student only. Research Paradigm Chapter 2 Review of related literature Local According to Unicef Philippines, there are only 63% of the children who enroll in school complete primary school, this means that the quality of education remains poor in many areas of the country. A childs literacy skills are important to their success in school and work. Children who learn to read from an early age are generally more successful in academic areas. (Unicef Philippines) There were a research in 2008 conducted by by Bananal, a faculty member of arts and letters in U. S. T on how to measure the reading ability of grades 1 and 2 students. She stated that there were 3 levels in reading: Independent reading level pupil can read with ease without the help or guidance of a teacher. The student can also read with rhythm, with a conversational tone and can interpret punctuation correctly. Instructional reading level pupil can profit from instruction. Frustrated reading level pupils show symptoms or behavior of withdrawing from reading situation and commit multiple type of error in informal reading. Reading levels of children Grade 1 Frustrated reader 64. 41% Instructional reader 20. 17% Independent reader 15. 42% Grade 2 Frustrated reader 49. 98% Instructional reader 31. 40% Independent reader 19. 07% The result showed that there many students who encountered difficulties in oral reading. This means that children did not master the three literacy skills when they were in the primary level. The use of accurate, valid, reliable screening tools several times throughout the early years can help in the identification of those in need of monitoring further intervention or remediation. Information obtained from early reading screenings is likely to lead to positive changes in childrens reading trajectories because prevention strategies and interventions provided have a better chances of success when started sooner rather than later (Bananal, 2008). Foreign The negative effects of reading problems are well documented (Harris Sipay, 1990). There is evidence that reading disability is associated with social, economic, and psychological problems. There is little evidence, however, that efforts to correct reading problems through remedial reading programs or through special education placement have been very successful (Allington McGill-Franzen, 1989; Hiebert Taylor, 1994; Johnston Allington, 1991; Karweit, Slavain, Wasik, 1992-93; Kennedy, Birman, Demaline, 1986; Rowan Guthrie, 1989). Instead, there is evidence to suggest that children who encounter difficulty in learning to read fall further and further behind their achieving peers (Stanovich, 1986). Traditional approaches to dealing with reading problems, such as tracking and grade retention, do not help; indeed, they often appear to be detrimental to eventual student achievement (Shepard Smith, 1989; McGill-Franzen Allington, 1993). In contrast, a growing body of evidence suggests that reading problems are preventable for the vast majority of students who encounter difficulty in learning to read, if these students receive extra support in the form of an early intervention program (Goldenberg, 1994; Hiebert Taylor, 1994; Reynolds, 1991). In this paper, the term early intervention refers to early school intervention programs that are designed to prevent problems in literacy from developing rather than trying to correct a problem after it is established. For the most part, such programs have been used in first and second grades. Several of these programs have proven very effective when compared to conventional compensatory reading programs. For example, Hiebert, Colt, Catto, and Gury (1992) report that while 77 percent of the students in their early intervention project were reading at a primer level at the end of first grade, only 18 percent of a comparison group who participated in a traditional Title I program achieved that level of reading proficiency. While almost half (47 percent) of the students in the conventional Title I program remained nonreaders at the end of first grade, only 7 percent of the early intervention students were nonreaders. Thus, a growing body of evidence suggests that almost all reading problems are preventable. A review of the research literature indicates that there are at least five early reading intervention programs that have documented effectiveness. This paper will only very briefly describe the individual programs and then will concentrate on the factors that seem characteristic of all or at least most of these successful intervention programs. Two of the five programs, Success for All (Madden, Slavin, Karweit, Dolan, Wasik, 1991; Slavin, Madden, Karweit, Livermon, Dolan, 1990; Slavin, Madden, Karweit, Dolan, Wasik, 1992), and the Winston-Salem Project (Cunningham, Hall, Defee, 1991; Hall, Prevatte, Cunningham, 1993), involve comprehensive reorganization of the entire classroom routine; all students in the grades in which the program is implemented are affected. In the Winston-Salem Project all first and second grade reading/language arts instruction was reorganized around four major, thirty-minute blocks of activities: teacher-directed group reading activities, word learning activities, writing, and self-selected reading. In addition, in the school that served a very high proportion of at-risk students, an additional 45-minute block of time for very small-group instruction was included. During this small-group instruction time, students had additional opportunities to practice reading, writing, and word learning activities. Though it has now been implemented in more than 85 schools, Success for All was first implemented in schools in major metropolitan areas that served, almost exclusively, children from low socioeconomic backgrounds who had few experiences with literacy. Major features of this schoolwide program included heterogeneous grouping for most of the day, cross-grade grouping according to reading level for 90 minutes of smaller group (15 to 20 students) reading instruction, and one-to-one tutoring for those students  who needed extra support. The Boulder Program (Hiebert, Colt, Catto, Gury, 1992) and Reading Recovery (Clay, 1985; Clay, 1993; Clay, 1993a; Pinnell, 1989; Pinnell, Fried, Eustice, 1990) are add-on, pull-out programs; they are added to whatever approach to language arts instruction is being used in a school. The Reading Recovery Program, which originated in New Zealand, has been widely implemented in the United States and in several other countries as well. It is exclusively a first grade, one-to-one tutoring program. Reading Recovery is also recognized for the extensiveness of its teacher training program, which is conducted over the course of a year with fully certified teachers. The Boulder Program operated exclusively with the resources of a Title I program. The program worked originally with a pupil-teacher ratio of six students for each teacher. Through the use of carefully trained, supervised paraprofessionals who worked closely with certified, trained teachers, the ratio was reduced to three students for each teacher. Instruction was daily for twenty minutes. The Early Intervention in Reading Program (EIR) (Taylor, Frye, Short, Shearer, 1992; Taylor, Strait, Medo, 1994) takes yet another approach. Regular first and second grade classroom teachers work for an extra twenty minutes with the five or six students who are encountering the greatest amount of difficulty in learning to read. Provision is also made for these students to practice their reading for an additional five or ten minutes each day by reading individually or in pairs to the teacher, a teachers aide, a volunteer, etc. All five programs clearly acknowledge that the small-group or individual early intervention instruction that students receive is an addition to, not a substitute for, the instruction they receive as part of the regular classroom program. In the case of two of the programs (Success for All and the Winston-Salem Project), regular classroom reading instruction has been redesigned to ensure that appropriate instructional routines and materials are used. However, even when early intervention instruction is added to an effective existing reading program, there is also the anticipation that the sound practices that are part of the early intervention program will become infused into regular classroom instruction if they are not already part of it. For example, Reading Recovery teachers almost always spend part of their day as regular classroom teachers, reading consultants, language arts coordinators, etc. ; through these roles they attempt to introduce  instructional principles and practices that are part of Reading Recovery into the ongoing regular classroom. All of the programs reflect a model of reading as an active, meaningful, constructive process. Before-reading activities are used to build or activate relevant background knowledge, concepts, and vocabulary. Students are taught to monitor their reading to ensure that what they are reading makes sense. They are taught strategies for correcting word recognition errors that detract from meaning, and they are given opportunities for reacting and responding to selections they have read. The texts they are asked to read are read for enjoyment and for information. Other activities are developed within a framework of reading for meaning. Because reading for meaning is the constant point of reference and because students in these programs need substantial help in building word identification skills, the amount of time spent in discussing selections and in teacher questioning about the selection is kept to a minimum.

International Trade & Finance Speech Essay Example for Free

International Trade Finance Speech Essay International trade is essentially when two or more countries exchange goods and services. Many countries export their goods and services to other countries and in turn, they can also import goods and services from other countries to into their own. Advancements with technology have made it a lot easier for international trade to take place. Communication between countries is a good example. Communicating has vastly improved and helped to simplify the trading process. Some technologically advanced countries, like Japan and China have bountiful natural resources and that has a heavy impact on us. The United States is one of the largest contributors to international trade. Our GDP (Gross Domestic Product), is greatly impacted due to being huge import consumers. The United States relies heavily on products from other countries and we import much more than we export. Not only does this impact our GDP by lowering it as we import more than export, is also has an impact on our domestic markets because we are buying more from other countries. In regard to Foreign Exchange Rates, it is very important to know how they are determined. Considering economic growth within a country is important, governments can make certain that fiscal and monetary policies are in place to ensure that growth continues. Due to the goods and services that are traded between different countries around the world, there are foreign exchange rate payments that are required to be paid. You will see the foreign exchange rate differ from country to country. What happens when there is a surplus of imports brought into the U.S.? Cite a specific example of a product with an import surplus and the impact that it has on the U.S. Businesses and Consumers involved. First, it is important to try and keep imports and exports balanced. However, when one exceeds the other, it is called a surplus. Having a surplus of imports can create a lower price for the consumer, and have a positive effect on the employment rate of the country where the product was obtained. Seafood is a good example of a product with surplus. There are several states, mainly coastal states that have fishing boats out at sea for many months catching lobster, fish, crabs, etc. The seafood that is collected is used for both domestic sales and international export. This allows for several options when selecting fish, etc at the grocery store. It also increases your selection when out dining at a restaurant. A downfall could be that a surplus of seafood, fish, etc could result in a declining need for domestic fisherman to work and this could cause layoffs and cutbacks. What are the effects of International Trade to GDP, Domestic markets and University Students? GDP stands for Gross Domestic Product and international trade. GDP is the market value of all final goods and services produced in an economy in a one year period. (Colander, 2010) International trade is the exchange of goods and services between two or more countries. International trade greatly affects the GDP due to the fact that is we are able to have goods produced outside of the United States and the imported for sale at a cheaper cost than if we were to produce here, the consumer demands will increase and therefore help the GDP. Domestic markets are also affected by international trade as they have the ability to have products manufactured outside the United States at cheaper rates. This takes away from domestic manufactured product sales and could increase unemployment. On the reverse, it could affect domestic markets positively, as domestic retailers could mark up the products to consumers and keep the additional profit. International trade affects University students in a much different way. Suppose there was an increased demand for innovative ideas and qualified individuals to help keep our domestic markets alive? A University student could be a huge asset there. Also, the higher the GDP, more jobs will be available. If the GDP crashes, graduates should probably look for a job in another country. How do Government choices in regards to tariffs and quotas affect international relations and trade? Both International relations and trade are greatly affected by government decisions that are made about tariffs and quotas. Tariffs are the most familiar and most commonly used type of trade restriction. Tariffs are most often recognized as taxes here in the United States. Quotas are quantity limits that are placed on imports. These limits are decided by the government. The choices made by the government as it relates to additional fees for imports and limitations placed on the amount of imports directly affects international relations and trade. The positive side to this is that the government has the ability to control trade between themselves and other countries. This allows the United States to be picky. The ability to raise or lower tariff amounts gives us the power to possibly do business with underprivileged countries simply by lowering the tariffs as an incentive. They can also raise the tariff as a means to end relations with a country. What are foreign exchange rates? How are they determined? In regard to Foreign Exchange Rates, it is very important to know how they are determined. Considering economic growth within a country is important, governments can make certain that fiscal and monetary policies are in place to ensure that growth continues. Due to the goods and services that are traded between different countries around the world, there are foreign exchange rate payments that are required to be paid. You will see the foreign exchange rate differ from country to country. Why doesn’t the U.S. simply restrict all goods coming in from China? Why can’t the U.S. just minimize the amounts of imports coming in from all other countries? To put it simply, it is not possible for the U.S. to restrict all goods from China. This is mainly because there is an enormous trade deficit between us and China. China currently holds a very large portion of our nation’s debt and it would be a bad business decision to try and end relations when we still have a large debt owed to them. Not only do we have a large debt owed to China, the U.S. consumer has a very large demand for products that are made in China. China is one of the largest manufacturers of electronics and other luxury items, like the Iphone, Ipad, Ipod that we have come to rely upon. If we were to restrict all goods, we would not only destroy our economy, but also China’s economy. References: Colander, D.C. (2010). Macroeconomics. (8th ed). Boston, MA: Mcgraw-Hill/Irwin Trading Economics. (2012) United States Consumer Confidence. Retrieved from http://www.tradingeconomics.com/united-states/consumer-confidence.

AC DC Three Phase Generators

AC DC Three Phase Generators Aims and Objectives The main objective of this report is to describe the investigation into operating characteristics of AC-DC Three-Phase generators and motors. The following subjects must be covered in this report for it to successfully document the investigation, these subjects will be constructed using a series of lab experiments and learner comments:- Operating characteristics of DC and AC generators supplying resistive, capacitive and inductive loads. Relationship between speed, current, power factor, and efficiency of a cage induction motor, capacitor start induction motor, synchronous motor and DC motor. Analyse the results from each of the experiments done and provide graphical analysis of the results. Introduction/ Background It is well known that the most regular type of power to be generated around the world is three phase AC. The reasons being are:- Three phase power is needed for the use of the most efficient types of industrial motors. It is considered to be the most efficient form of electrical energy to generate and distribute. Due to the performance of three phase, the size and weight of devices using it such as generators and motors are lower compared to devices using other power systems. Although it should be noted that the performance of an AC system is dependant on the power factor, not just the load in terms of current. In-order to successfully investigate the subject of AC vs. DC a total of six practical tests were completed, the practical tests will be documented in the following report and analysed. The tests completed:- AC induction motor torque-speed characteristics AC synchronous motor torque-speed characteristics AC capacitor start induction motor torque-speed characteristics DC motor torque-speed characteristics DC generator output characteristics AC generator output characteristics AC Induction Motor Test An induction motor is an asynchronous motor where through electromagnetic induction power is supplied to the rotating device. In some contexts an induction motor can be described as a rotating transformer because the stator can be shown to be the primary winding and the rotor as the secondary winding. Induction motors can be found regularly in industrial situations. Induction motors get their popularity from being rugged in construction, and from not having brushes. There is more than one design of induction motor a few examples are:- Squirrel Cage Rotor Motor Wound Rotor Motor Double Cage Rotor Motor Each of the above motor designs has its own merits; the type of motor to be used in this experiment is the cage rotor motor. Squirrel Cage Rotor Motor:- A cage induction motor rotor shown in the illustration below consists of a series of conducting bars laid into slots carved into the face of the rotor and shorted at either end by large shorting rings. The design is known as the cage rotor because of the conducting bars, if examined they can be seen to look like a squirrel or hamsters exercise wheel. 1Squirrel Cage Motor Construction Test The purpose of this test was to find the torque-speed characteristics of an AC induction motor. The characteristics that will be analysed against torque are:- Speed Current Output Power Power Factor Efficiency The basic idea behind the test, the motor is run at full speed and is connected to a brake unit. The brake unit can be adjusted to make the motor produce more or less amounts of torque. Starting at low motor torque, readings of current voltage and power are taken, then readings continue to be taken all they way to near stalling point. The test equipment is as follows:- Circuit Diagram for Cage Rotor Induction Motor Test:- Block Diagram To further explain and simplify, a block diagram of the test is included below. This shows exactly how the system operates. Brake Motor Three Phase Supply Torque Control Speed (rev/min) Ammeter, volt meter, watt meter Test Procedure A completely extensive test procedure can be found in the appendix taken from the Student Guide of TecQuipment Electrical Machines FH2 refer to appendix !!!. Results Table T.1 Torque (Nm) Speed (rev/min) Output Power (W) Wattmeter Wa (W) Wattmeter Wb (W) Input Power (W) Line Current (A) Line Voltage (V) Volt-Amperes (VA) Power Factor Efficiency (p.u.) 0.1 1500 15.708 80 0 80 0.35 245 148.52336 0.5386 0.1963495 0.2 1450 30.369 85 10 95 0.38 245 161.25393 0.5891 0.3196708 0.3 1450 45.553 95 20 115 0.4 245 169.74098 0.6775 0.3961139 0.4 1440 60.319 100 30 130 0.42 245 178.22803 0.7294 0.4639891 0.5 1425 74.613 110 40 150 0.45 245 190.9586 0.7855 0.4974188 0.6 1400 87.965 120 50 170 0.5 245 212.17622 0.8012 0.5174388 0.7 1390 101.89 130 60 190 0.55 245 233.39385 0.8141 0.5362754 0.8 1360 113.94 145 65 210 0.57 245 241.8809 0.8682 0.5425481 0.9 1350 127.23 160 80 240 0.65 245 275.82909 0.8701 0.5301438 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 The values for output power, volt-amperes, input power, power factor and efficiency were calculated using the following relationships:- Problems:- Before the results are expressed in graphical form and commented on, the report discusses any problems that occurred during the lab experiment. Only one major issue occurred during the induction motor test. The fault was due to a wiring error. A link was missing on one of the watt meters which caused the motor to single phase and not rotate. It was easy to see that it was single phasing because the current measured for one of the phases was zero, indicating an open circuit somewhere. The link was quickly replaced and the test could begin. Graphical Analysis:- Now the report illustrates the results in the table T.1 in a graphical form, to make comparison the results from the test equipment manufacture have been included as a guide. Speed vs. Torque The above graph shows the relationship between speed and torque, it shows that at a low torque the speed is at its maximum but as the torque increases the adverse happens to the speed. This is expected because increasing the torque of the motor is adding more mechanical load, thus slowing the motor down. 2Manufactures graph of Speed versus Torque (Cage Induction Motor) The graph above is a representation of the results that the manufacturer of the test machines gives as a guide. It is possible to see that from a torque of 0.1Nm to 0.9Nm the results are similar to the report authors. The torque was not taken any higher than 0.9Nm in the authors test as stalling the motor was not a desired outcome. Output Power vs. Torque This graph shows the relationship of output power versus torque taken from the lab results in table T.1; it has an obvious linear upward trend. It is expected that the output power increases as more load is put on the motor, because the motor has to work harder to maintain rotation. 3Manufactures graph of Output Power versus Torque (Cage Induction Motor) The manufactures results also share the same upward trend as the authors, but again the manufacture has taken the results past 0.9Nm and taken the motor into a stalling condition. Line Current versus Torque The graph above shows the results of torque against line current, a good upward trend is visible. This indicates that as the torque increases so does the line current, this again is due to the increase in load on the motor. 4Manufactures graph of Line Current versus Torque (Cage Induction Motor) The guide results from the manufacture complement the results that the author recorded. A steady rise is shown from around 0.35-0.4A to 0.6-0.7A at about 0.9Nm. Power Factor versus Torque The graph is showing the results from the practical lab experiment, the calculated power factor versus the torque. It can be seen from the upward trend of the graph that as the torque of the motor increases, so does the power factor. It will be later seen in the report that because the power factor increases with torque so will the efficiency. 5Manufactures graph of Power Factor versus Torque (Cage Induction Motor) The guide results above show similarities with the results gained through practical lab experiments. Torque vs. Efficiency The graph is showing the relationship between efficiency and torque, the efficiency increases as the torque does, this is expected because the output power increases with the torque. The peak efficiency occurs at around 0.75-0.8Nm after which the efficiency starts to reduce. 6Manufactures graph of Efficiency versus Torque (Cage Induction Motor) The graph above shows the relationship of torque and efficiency, the manufactures results show a similar trend to that of the authors. The results from the manufactures show more of the downward trend after 0.8Nm to eventually stalling point. Conclusion Overall the results acquired through practical experiment show encouraging results, both towards theory and also towards the manufactures guide results. Some of the graphs could have been a more steady results but it is not possible to get perfect results on something like this without doing the test many more times and taking average values. The trends do illustrate what is expected, so this means the equipment was set up correctly, and the test was carried out uniformly to manufactures guidelines. The induction motor is capable of supplying torque when needed but it will not maintain a constant speed. AC Synchronous Motor Test The major characteristic of a synchronous motor is that it stays at a constant speed regardless of no load or full load. Under certain conditions they can produce a power factor that is capable of correcting a low power factor from an inductive load. A common use for a synchronous motor is to drive a DC generator. They come in all sizes from small to thousands of horsepower. The synchronous motor works by the application of three-phase AC power to the stator which causes a rotating magnetic field. The rotor sits inside this magnetic field, and is energised with a DC voltage. The rotating magnetic field of the stator attracts the rotor magnetic field caused by the DC voltage, and a strong rotating force is then imposed on the rotor shaft. This is one of the disadvantages of the synchronous motor, it needs a DC excitation voltage to start without this the rotor will not start turning. This characteristic causes the motor to have poor starting torque, most of its torque is when it is running at synchronous speed. 7Showing the parts making up a synchronous motor Test The purpose of this test was to find the torque-speed characteristics of an AC synchronous motor. The characteristics that will be analysed against torque are:- Current Output Power Power Factor Efficiency Speed has not been considered because of the way the motor operates, a constant speed should be apparent throughout the test. In the test the motor is ran at full speed, and an adjustable brake unit will control the levels of torque the motor produces. Measurements of current, voltage and power are taken at low to high torque points to get the torque characteristics of the motor. Test Equipment:- Circuit Diagram for Synchronous Motor Test:- Block Diagram To further explain and simplify, a block diagram of the test is included below. This shows exactly how the system operates. Three Phase Supply Brake Motor DC Rotor Supply Torque Control Speed (rev/min) Ammeter, volt meter, watt meter Test Procedure The test procedure that was followed can be found in the appendix taken from the Student Guide of TecQuipment Electrical Machines FH2, refer to appendix!!!. Results Table T.2 Torque (Nm) Speed (rev/min) Output Power (W) Wattmeter Wa (W) Wattmeter Wb (W) Input Power (W) Line Current (A) Line Voltage (V) Volt-Amperes (VA) Power Factor Effieciency (p.u.) 0 1500 0 0 4 4 0.05 245 21.21762 0.1885 0 0.05 1500 7.854 0 8 8 0.05 245 21.21762 0.377 0.981748 0.1 1500 15.71 0 10 10 0.05 245 21.21762 0.4713 1.570796 0.2 1500 31.42 10 12 22 0.05 245 21.21762 1.0369 1.427997 0.3 1500 47.12 20 20 40 0.1 245 42.43524 0.9426 1.178097 0.4 1500 62.83 30 30 60 0.15 245 63.65287 0.9426 1.047198 0.5 1500 78.54 38 39 77 0.2 245 84.87049 0.9073 1.019998 0.6 1500 94.25 50 46 96 0.25 245 106.0881 0.9049 0.981748 0.7 1500 110 55 52 107 0.25 245 106.0881 1.0086 1.027624 0.8 1500 125.7 60 65 125 0.3 245 127.3057 0.9819 1.00531 0.9 1500 141.4 70 72 142 0.35 245 148.5234 0.9561 0.995575 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 The values for output power, volt-amperes, input power, power factor and efficiency are calculated using the following relationships:- Graphical Analysis:- The report now includes graphical representation of the results table T.2; the guide graphs from the TecQuipment the machine manufacture have been included to compare result reliability. Output Power vs. Torque The above shows the relationship between torque and output power, it can be seen that as the torque produced increases so does the output power. This outcome is expected because the motor has to turn a greater load and remain at a constant speed. 8Manufactures graph of Output Power versus Torque (Synchronous Motor) The manufactures graph also shows the output power increasing with the torque. Line Current versus Torque The line current in this graph is taking an upwards trend indicating as the torque produced is increased so does the line current. The motor is working harder to produce more torque and therefore putting more load on the line. 9Manufactures graph of Line current versus Torque (Synchronous Motor) The manufactures graph shows a smoothing increase in line current against torque but does compare with the results gained from the test. Power Factor versus Torque The power factor in this graph is shown to increase to a level above 0.8 very quickly and stays there till the end of the test (0.9Nm). Synchronous motors normally run at a very good power factor close to unity, and this is represented in the results from the test. 10Manufactures graph of Power Factor versus Torque (Synchronous Motor) The manufactures guide graph shows a similar trend to that of the report authors. Efficiency vs. Torque The above graph showing the relationship of torque and efficiency shows a really good level of efficiency produced by the motor, but the trend is not very reliable as it would not be expected to go past 1. Synchronous motors do have good efficiency higher than that of induction motors. 11Manufactures graph of Efficiency versus Torque (Synchronous Motor) The manufactures graph shows a much more reliable trend of efficiency of the synchronous motor, but it does still show that the motor is very efficient. Conclusion The results for this test could have been better and if the test was to be repeated then more effort would be made to get better measurements. Although with this in mind the graphs do show what is expected from a synchronous motor in terms of torque characteristics. In comparison to the induction motor, the synchronous motor has improved characteristics of:- Less load in terms of current on the line. Better Power factor (closer to unity) Better Efficiency It would be interesting to find out the difference in starting torque capacity of the two motors because the induction motor would be expected to have a greater starting torque than the synchronous, based on the research into the operation of these two types of motor. AC Capacitor Start Induction Motor Test The most common AC induction motor in use today is probably the single phase induction motor. The reasons for this are that they require little maintenance, and are the least expensive. In the single phase AC induction motor the stator magnetic field does not rotate, it simply alternates polarity as a result of the AC voltage changing polarity. Through magnetic induction a voltage is induced in the rotor, however this alone will not cause the motor to turn. This is why starting methods are needed for single phase AC induction motors. Capacitor Start In this type of induction motor the stator is made up of a main winding and a starting winding. The starting winding is connected in series with a capacitor, which offers between the two windings a phase difference of 90 degrees. The result when the motor is started is that between the two windings a rotating magnetic field is created and is enough to start the motor. Once nearly full speed occurs then a speed sensitive switch cuts out the starting winding and the motor runs as a single phase motor. In this way of starting the starting winding is not designed to give the motor high starting torque and so only small motors can use this system. Test The purpose of this test was to find the torque-speed characteristics of an AC induction motor. The characteristics that will be analysed against torque are:- Speed Current Output Power Power Factor Efficiency The basic idea behind the test, the motor is run at full speed and is connected to a brake unit. The brake unit can be adjusted to make the motor produce more or less amounts of torque. Starting at low motor torque, readings of current voltage and power are taken, then readings continue to be taken all they way to near stalling point. Test Equipment:- Circuit Diagram for Synchronous Motor Test:- Block Diagram To further explain and simplify, a block diagram of the test is included below. This shows exactly how the system operates. Brake Motor Three Phase Supply Torque Control Speed (rev/min) Ammeter, volt meter, watt meter Test Procedure An extensive test procedure can be found in the appendix taken from the Student Guide of TecQuipment Electrical Machines FH2 refer to appendix !!!. Results Table T.3 Torque (Nm) Speed (rev/min) Output Power (W) Input Power (W) Supply Current (A) Line Voltage (V) Volt-Amperes (VA) Power Factor Effieciency (p.u.) 0.1 1450 15.18 250 1.7 245 416.5 0.6 0.0607375 0.2 1450 30.37 290 1.75 245 428.75 0.676 0.1047198 0.3 1450 45.55 310 1.8 245 441 0.703 0.1469455 0.4 1448 60.65 330 1.81 245 443.45 0.744 0.183799 0.5 1425 74.61 355 1.9 245 465.5 0.763 0.210177 0.6 1400 87.96 390 1.97 245 482.65 0.808 0.2255502 0.7 1390 101.9 421 2.05 245 502.25 0.838 0.2420245 0.8 1350 113.1 470 2.2 245 539 0.872 0.2406326 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 The values for output power, volt-amperes, input power, power factor and efficiency were calculated using the following relationships:- Problems:- Before the results are expressed in graphical form and commented on, the report discusses any problems that occurred during the lab experiment. Only one major issue occurred during the induction motor test. The fault was due to a wiring error. A link was missing on one of the watt meters which caused the motor to single phase and not rotate. It was easy to see that it was single phasing because the current measured for one of the phases was zero, indicating an open circuit somewhere. The link was quickly replaced and the test could begin. Graphical Analysis:- Now the report illustrates the results in the table T.1 in a graphical form, to make comparison the results from the test equipment manufacture have been included as a guide. Speed vs. Torque Supply Current versus Torque Power Factor versus Torque Efficiency vs. Torque Conclusion Overall the results acquired through practical experiment show encouraging results, both towards theory and also towards the manufactures guide results. Some of the graphs could have been a more steady result but it is not possible to get perfect results on something like this without doing the test many more times and taking average values. The trends do illustrate what is expected, so this means the equipment was set up correctly, and the test was carried out uniformly to manufactures guidelines. DC Motor Test The working principle behind any DC motor is the attraction and repulsion of magnets. The simplest motors use electromagnets on a shaft, with permanent magnets in the case of the motor that attract and repel the electromagnets. The reason for using electromagnets is so that it is possible to flip their magnetic field (their north and south poles). So the electromagnet is attracted to one of the permanent magnets. As soon as it reaches the permanent magnet, its north and south poles flip so that it is repelled from that magnet and attracted to the other permanent magnet. This video shows you the parts and how they fit together: Test The purpose of this test was to find the torque-speed characteristics of an AC induction motor. The characteristics that will be analysed against torque are:- Speed Current Efficiency The basic idea behind the test, the motor is run at full speed and is connected to a brake unit. The brake unit can be adjusted to make the motor produce more or less amounts of torque. Starting at low motor torque, readings of current voltage and power are taken, then readings continue to be taken all they way to near stalling point. Test Equipment:- Circuit Diagram for DC Motor Test:- Block Diagram To further explain and simplify, a block diagram of the test is included below. This shows exactly how the system operates. Brake Motor Three Phase Supply Torque Control Speed (rev/min) Ammeter, volt meter, watt meter Test Procedure An extensive test procedure can be found in the appendix taken from the Student Guide of TecQuipment Electrical Machines FH2 refer to appendix !!!. Results Table T.4 Torque (Nm) Speed (rev/min) Voltage (V) Current (A) Input Power (W) Output Power (W) Efficiency (p.u.) 0.05 4600 104 0.55 57.2 24.085544 0.421075938 0.1 3900 104 0.65 67.6 40.840704 0.604152433 0.15 3200 104 0.75 78 50.265482 0.644429262 0.2 2800 104 0.9 93.6 58.643063 0.626528449 0.25 2600 104 1 104 68.067841 0.654498469 0.3 2300 104 1.15 119.6 72.256631 0.604152433 0.35 2100 104 1.2 124.8 76.96902 0.616738942 0.4 1900 104 1.35 140.4 79.587014 0.566859073 0.45 1800 104 1.5 156 84.823002 0.54373719 0.5 1600 104 1.6 166.4 83.775804 0.503460361 0.55 1500 104 1.7 176.8 86.393798 0.488652703 0.6 1400 104 1.85 192.4 87.964594 0.457196436 0.65 1300 104 1.9 197.6 88.488193 0.447814742 0.7 1250 104 2.1 218.4 91.629786 0.419550301 0.75 1200 104 2.15 223.6 94.24778 0.421501698 The values for output power, volt-amperes, input power, power factor and efficiency were calculated using the following relationships:- Problems:- Before the results are expressed in graphical form and commented on, the report discusses any problems that occurred during the lab experiment. Only one maj

The Silent Partner: A Canadianization Dilemma :: Film Movie Movies Canada Silent Partner Essays

The Silent Partner: A Canadianization Dilemma Works Cited Missing As a student of Canadian film, I find great appreciation in films that work to culturally enrich Canada's movie screens. I feel that an honest portrayal of Canadian values and culture is beneficial not only by enhancing the credibility of Canada's film industry, but also by maintaining a voice for the customs held by the Canadian people. For these reasons, among others, it had become very easy for me to dislike Daryl Duke's 1978 film The Silent Partner. Based on the knowledge I had before sitting through numerous screenings of the film, I found a challenge in making any concretely positive statements about it, or the state of Canada's film industry at the time. I asked myself about the effect this film had on Canada's film industry, wondering primarily if the film's success in Canada - it won a total of 6 Canadian Film Awards including best feature and best director - came not from a poignant portrayal of Canadian culture, but rather from a "Canadianization" of the typical American t hriller. I questioned the details of the film's formation, the choices made about talent, and the credibility of the script, and still I found myself forcing out any positive criticisms I might muster. As far as first impressions go, The Silent Partner's was not promising. Perhaps now I must consider an alternate approach to understanding this film. Maybe my difficulty in pinpointing The Silent Partner's positive attributes demonstrates to some extent my current narrow-mindedness on Hollywood-style pictures. I think it's only fair to treat this film as an article of film criticism in order to accurately look at it within the context of a national cinema. And so, let us begin by looking first at the particulars of the Canadian film industry around the time The Silent Partner was released. Maybe afterwards, we'll be able to understand the implications of what audiences saw on that illustrious Canadian screen I feel so emotionally bound to preserving. The code word for success in the late seventies was "international appeal." In a time referred to as "the tax-shelter boom," it was perceived by some that the Canadian film industry had given in. Demoralized by countless relatively unsuccessful attempts at profitability and independence, "Canada's feature film industry had finally succumbed to that old adage: If you can't beat 'em, join 'em" (Magder 169). The Silent Partner: A Canadianization Dilemma :: Film Movie Movies Canada Silent Partner Essays The Silent Partner: A Canadianization Dilemma Works Cited Missing As a student of Canadian film, I find great appreciation in films that work to culturally enrich Canada's movie screens. I feel that an honest portrayal of Canadian values and culture is beneficial not only by enhancing the credibility of Canada's film industry, but also by maintaining a voice for the customs held by the Canadian people. For these reasons, among others, it had become very easy for me to dislike Daryl Duke's 1978 film The Silent Partner. Based on the knowledge I had before sitting through numerous screenings of the film, I found a challenge in making any concretely positive statements about it, or the state of Canada's film industry at the time. I asked myself about the effect this film had on Canada's film industry, wondering primarily if the film's success in Canada - it won a total of 6 Canadian Film Awards including best feature and best director - came not from a poignant portrayal of Canadian culture, but rather from a "Canadianization" of the typical American t hriller. I questioned the details of the film's formation, the choices made about talent, and the credibility of the script, and still I found myself forcing out any positive criticisms I might muster. As far as first impressions go, The Silent Partner's was not promising. Perhaps now I must consider an alternate approach to understanding this film. Maybe my difficulty in pinpointing The Silent Partner's positive attributes demonstrates to some extent my current narrow-mindedness on Hollywood-style pictures. I think it's only fair to treat this film as an article of film criticism in order to accurately look at it within the context of a national cinema. And so, let us begin by looking first at the particulars of the Canadian film industry around the time The Silent Partner was released. Maybe afterwards, we'll be able to understand the implications of what audiences saw on that illustrious Canadian screen I feel so emotionally bound to preserving. The code word for success in the late seventies was "international appeal." In a time referred to as "the tax-shelter boom," it was perceived by some that the Canadian film industry had given in. Demoralized by countless relatively unsuccessful attempts at profitability and independence, "Canada's feature film industry had finally succumbed to that old adage: If you can't beat 'em, join 'em" (Magder 169).

Kevin Smith Essay -- essays research papers fc

Kevin Smith Kevin Smith is a prime example of the kind of person in my industry that I aspire to be like. His humor is intelligent, but he walks the fine line between funny and outright offensive. I admire him for his ability to tell a story using people, instead of effects and a huge budget. Kevin's first movie, Clerks, had a budget of around $27,000 (Kevin Smith). The entire film was black and white, and the only effect that had on the movie was to further highlight how obscenely drab these QuikStop clerks' daily lives were. Despite the tiny budget, Kevin showed off his sense of humor and told an involving story using barely anything but the characters. This movie was the birthplace of Jay and his hetero-life-mate Silent Bob, who are now well known after their appearances in several of Kevin's other movies. This film ended up getting into the Sundance Film Festival, and tickets for it sold out before the festival started. There were people outside scalping tickets. This was the cast and crew's first inkling that the movie might just make it. (Brian O'Holloran) The film was bought by Gramercy after the festival. Mallrats was Smith's second film, they went back to Gramercy for this one, and were offered a budget of 6 million dollars. Kevin actually fought against this size budget because he saw no need for that much, "Why? It's just a little picture ...

Natural Born Japanese Killers :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Natural Born Japanese Killers Americans and Japanese are both fond of pointing out the difference in crime rates. To many Japanese, America is seen as an outlaw nation, bristling with guns. And for many Americans, the juxtaposition of Japan's often ultra-violent entertainment with their low crime rate is fascinating. Japanese pop culture and crime statistics are often cited to defend American entertainment when it is accused of inspiring violence. But for anyone paying attention, startling crimes have a way of popping up in Japan unexpectedly. There were the "Otaku Murders" of 1988 and 1989, where Tsutomo Miyazaki kidnapped and killed four girls of around five years of age, reenacting gruesome scenes from his hentai collection. The serin gas attack in 1995 is another notable incident in the analogs of Japanese crime history. Perpetrated by the Aum Shinrikyo cult, almost a dozen people were killed during the terrorist attack. I asked a Japanese friend of mine once, "Are there gangs in Japan?" I've since learned that Japan has a long history of gangs, including everything from high school motorcycle gangs to the Yakuza, but he shook his head. He said there were no gangs, but in Japan sometimes kids just go crazy. He told me the story of a boy who would kill people on the street, discretely, and then hide in an alley to watch the ensuing action. He was eventually caught with the murder weapon near one of his crime scenes. This was several years ago, and I wrote the story off as an urban legend. Recently, however, there have been several articles published about teenage boys committing gory crimes in Japan. Over the last year there have been multiple incidents. A 65-year old woman in Aichi prefecture was murdered on May 1, 2000. On May 3, a boy in Saga prefecture hijacked a bus with a knife. He held a six-year-old girl hostage, killed one woman, and wounded five others. There have been more crimes, including knivings in people's homes, baseball bat bludgeonings and matricide, budgeonings with hammers, and, just two weeks ago, a 15-year-old boy on Kyushu crept into a house during the night and attacked a family. All six family members were attacked, and three died. Incidents such as these have been reported in many newspapers and online news sites, but I take the examples above from two articles on the subject. Tim Larimer, a correspondent for Time wrote "Natural-Born

Male Dominance in Marriage Essay

The main female characters in Kate Chopin’s The Story of an Hour and Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s The Yellow Wallpaper similarly provide the concept of male dominance in a traditional marriage. This is achieved through the vivid description of both Mrs. Mallard and the narrator’s emotional burdens as they fulfill their obligations as their husbands’ wives. Albeit not directly stated in any of the two stories, the very situations of the wives in the hands of their husbands already show the negative effects of male dominance in the emotional well-being of women in marriages. Kate Chopin’s The Story of an Hour may have started to establish the personality of Mrs. Mallard as a sensitive woman who dearly loves her husband. Gradually, Chopin reveals an ambiguity in the feelings of the character as she describes Mrs. Mallard that, â€Å"When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips. She said it over and over under her breath: ‘free, free, free! ’† (Chopin, ). Gradually, readers are given a wider view of how Mrs. Mallard feelings are becoming. â€Å"There would be no powerful will bending hers in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature† (Chopin, ). However, in the end, readers are implicitly informed that the cause of Mrs. Mallard’s death is due to the realization that her husband is actually alive. â€Å"When the doctors came they said she had died of heart disease –of the joy that kills† (Chopin, ). The last statement gives out the message that the joy upon seeing her husband alive is not actually the reason for her death but rather because of the freedom that has been lost when he appeared at their doorstep. In this story, the Mrs. Mallard secretly endures a miserable life with her husband which can be blamed on women’s domesticity. After a moment of grief, she becomes glad that she is finally free from the demanding grasps of her husband. The pressures and demands brought about by the society’s claim that women’s role are merely for domestic purposes pushes Mrs. Mallard into being grateful for her husband’s death. This is, of course, a wrongful act however it is triggered by the character’s desire for liberation. Mrs. Mallard’s suppressed desire for liberation somewhat mirrors that of the narrator’s in Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s The Yellow Wallpaper. The problem of male dominance in a marriage can also be observed as the writer uncovers the mental and emotional effects of male dominance and social pressure to women. It is a story about the wickedness of confinement—literally and psychologically. In the story, the narrator’s husband locks her inside a room with yellow wallpaper because he believes that she would be cured of her post-partum depression due to recently giving birth. He thinks he could cure her by means of rest cure treatment. This symbolizes the very prison that the husband made for his wife when he married her. As a result, the wife resorts and depends on the images that the yellow wallpaper provides her. She begins to see images crawling and creeping inside it and starts hallucinating, thus, worsening the mental state of the wife. The story is an entire symbolism of women being manipulated fully by men. The husband’s way of taking charge of his wife’s mental health signifies the concept of male domination in the story. â€Å"If a physician of high standing, and one’s own husband, assures friends and relatives that there is really nothing the matter with one but temporary nervous depression—a slight hysterical tendency—what is one to do? † (Gilman, ). The narrator’s question reveals the powerlessness of a woman in her society if a â€Å"physician of higher standing† whom she refers as a man has already made a conclusion and solution against her will. In a thorough analysis, the husband symbolizes the patriarchal ascendancy that restricts women’s lives. They are expected to always follow and obey their husbands and fathers as they are believed to know the best for everyone. In Kate Chopin’s The Story of an Hour, readers are exposed to the concept of a wife trying to bear the news of her husband’s death and the ambiguity of her feelings towards it. In Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s The Yellow Wallpaper, the author presents the ongoing problem of male dominance over females. Nonetheless, both stories deal with how husbands usually hold the authority in a household and the extremity of such authority can lead to esteem and emotional problems for women. Works Cited Chopin, Kate. â€Å"The Story of an Hour. † Literature and Society: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Drama, Nonfiction. Eds. Pamela J. Annas and Robert C. Rosen. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2009. pp. 358. Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper. † Literature and society: an introduction to fiction, poetry, drama, nonfiction Eds. Pamela J. Annas and Robert C. Rosen. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2009. pp. 307

How poverty effected mozrts music and life… Essay

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart had been bingle of the more or less prolific symphonyians of all times. Mozart was the son of Leopold and Anna Maria Mozart and he was born in Salzburg Austria. At the young age of quadruplet Mozart already showed his bravery in medical specialty and it is in this necessitate that his father, Leopold ( in like manner a nonable symphonyian) had been so proud of him and did everything in his ply to expose Mozart into the melodyal line of products. (Moss, 2007). Mozart had been a dandy success in the field of euphony and tons of people admired his prowess in composing music as advantageously as on his qualification to master many melodious instruments.It is in this regard that at the age of fifteen Mozart earned a post in the orchestra that defecates for the Archbishop of Salzburg. However things did non work well between the Archbishop and Mozart and thence Mozart was kicked from his beat and left the archbishops premises tear down though it is against his fathers wishes. Mozart had withal been a success in capital of Austria even subsequently he had grown up. However, feeling did not bode well with Mozart in elicit of all his successes in his musical career. meagreness had been star of Mozarts constant companions during most of his life oddly since he do not cope how to manage his m acey well and also according to his mother he would authorise to the highest degree all of his money to his friends if one would only let him be. (Chew, 2007) In hurt of Mozarts brilliance in the field of music he was snubbed in the salute of England. Thus, he went to Manheim wherein he met and fell in love with Aloysia Weber. However, life had not been human body to him as his mother died in capital of France and he was also rejected by Aloysia.(Microsoft Encarta, 2001). However, even though he broken his job in the Archbishops interpose he pipe down continued surviving in Vienna. And from there in the family of 1782 , he composed the Abduction from the Seraglio which had been a great success. Following that, he get married the sister of Aloysia, Constanze. However, exiguity did not authorise their lives any easier and it made it even harder by Mozarts constant illnesses. Poverty greatly affected Mozarts life as well as musical career.It is imputable to mendicancy and through lack of disdainfulness that his music for the years to follow had not been very popular and consistent. It is in this regard that Mozart was forced to rely on the sympathy of his friends in order to continue to survive. Mozart returned to his dogma careers since income from his performance had not been very steady. Poverty even forced him to stop execute and thus he spent most of his time writing compositions. However, in spite of his many compositions money still did not trudge their way.It is hard to believe that after living a life of ardor and luxury Mozart died in illness and poverty. star of the primary reaso ns why Mozarts music ceased to be a success in Vienna is the fact that people effectuate his music too complex and thus in his latter life of poverty Mozart adapted simplicity on to his music making Vienna love his music once more. However, Mozart still died at the earlier age of 35 and he died beat of debts and still living a life of poverty. It was said that Mozart was buried in an overlooked grave.Mozarts influenced reached musicians such as Haydn, Schubert, and Strauss. (Encyclopedia Brittanica). Basically, poverty greatly affected Mozarts life. employ to living an extravagant life he was reduced to a life almost similar to that of a pauper. Due to poverty Mozart was forced to stop doing the thing he most wants to do (performing in public). However, Mozart did not let poverty rob him of the practiced to compose music and thus in spite of his poor life he still managed to compose a agglomerate of musical items.Although poverty made Mozart and his familys life hard, it still did not change magnitude Mozarts genius in harm of music and thus he still went on writing music that is delicate on the ears and he even remedied the one flaw Vienna public free-base on his music (his music cosmos too complex for the people of Vienna). Thus, to close even though poverty has greatly affected Mozarts life and musical career he still went on doing what he knows best (even though he was struck with poverty and certain illnesses), composing.ReferencesChew, R. (2007). Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Austrian Composer Electronic Version from http//www. lucidcafe. com/library/96jan/mozart. html. Encyclopedia Brittanica. WOLFGANG AMADEUS MOZART Electronic Version from http//www. britannica. com/eb/article-9108745/Wolfgang-Amadeus-Mozart. Microsoft Encarta. (2001). Wolfgang Amadeaus Mozart Electronic Version from http//home. comcast. net/cjwin1/ilike/mozart/mozart. html. Moss, C. K. (2007). Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Electronic Version from http//www. carolinaclassical. com/arti cles/mozart. html.

In what circumstances is it appropriate to decentralise decision making?

Decentralisation of decision making is the process of involving different people in an organization in making key significant changes whether these changes are policy based or otherwise, different levels of senior management are involved and their expertise and own opinion is sought before any changes are enacted. There are 2 public key decisions making methods in an organisation, namely centralized and decentralized, In the latter, only the top management is involved in making key changes and decisions which negative affect the whole organization.This system is advantageous in that, it is faster, reliable wired and less tasking. While it is still used in great majority of organizaions, most organizations are shifting to the decentralised scientific method and therefore are involving different levels of management in the important decision making process.They rely to make decisions and provide same direction for the company.Thirdly, decentralised decision making process is ideal whereby, primary key decisions are being made at departmental levels such as in production department. Empowering departmental heads to make key decisions perhaps pertaining to the purchasing of crucial dry ingredients as well as other technical areas late may require a decentralised decision making model. PAGE 2: Organisational culture empty can present difficulties for management initiated change programmes? connect Discuss Organisational culture refers to the employee – employer international relations which shape how the two parties interact and intermingle at the work place.Also, organisational culture can be shaped by, former employee backgrounds, external factors as well as the level of support accorded to the employees by the political organization staff.Each time a one-voice coverage is required, e.

On the other hand an organization culture which is negative leads to new customers shunning away so that, any well meant educational programmes will be fail to take better off since, negative publicity which the employees can advance in the process of interacting with the different stake holders also what does have a bearing on the outcome of the projects. Lastly, organizational culture determines total output in workers in that, a negative general attitude amongst employees is more likely to lead to new low output in that, it is highly correlated with time low morale and therefore productivity.PAGE 3: Discuss why managerial authority is so important to our understanding of organisations and technological how this power has to be legitimised logical not just by individual workers but by the international organisations culture. Failure to appreciate managerial authority stems original form a negative culture which in stead of pestering a mutual understanding between skilled work ers and employers causes tensions and such misunderstandings in an organization.in fiscal reporting, agility early may not be suitable.To achieve the above, management should work towards having logical and inculcating in the organization, the right culture. This best can be achieved (if it is lacking), through the launching of strategic plans which could incorporate vision logical and mission statements, core values of the organization as well as the social responsibility statement of the organization. All the above are necessary in ensuring that, the organization functions in the right environment whereby the special needs of all members in the organization are taken great care of and employees feel free and as a part of the organization. This in turn direct result into a culture of unity and strength.Dynamic changes in financial resources and organisational objectives , along with the firm environment, geometric mean a static structure is suitable.

The classical organisation is linked with bureaucracy.Organizations and other people having different opinions on a particular small business choice best can struggle.The operation of the HR professional needs to close parallel the requirements of their organization that is shifting.In the procedure, you ought to be going for foreseeable future growth and ensuring.

Further empirical analysis is necessary Considering that the little effect of management reforms like these may take first time to unfold.There are six significant elements that moral ought to be aligned by the communication departments as a means.Gathering information could possibly be a issue for little logical and midsize businesses (SMEs), not just for financial or personnel reasons, but also because SMEs armed might not understand what theyd like to find worn out or they dont have sufficient time good for detailed analysis.Folks at every level in the business could have some autonomy.